PhD student investigating novel drug targets in neurodegeneration with a penchant for food, music and travel. I completed a Master in Science degree in Pharmacology and spent a year working on a research project funded by Alzheimer's Research UK. I started this blog while studying for A-levels in Biology, Chemistry, Psychology and German.
Wednesday, 26 January 2022
2021 Week 35 and January 2022
Sunday, 11 April 2021
2021 Weeks 13 to 14
Hello from someone who went into work on both Palm and Easter Sunday, but at least spent Good Friday and Holy Saturday away from the lab, which can't be said for everybody! I powered through the staining of a further three sets of brain samples before the Easter weekend, but on Maundy Thursday I was horrified to find that the samples I'd prepared the previous weekend looked awful down the microscope. Thinking that the staining had degraded over time, I made plans to come in on Holy Saturday to image the samples finished on Thursday, but on the day I didn't feel up to it and delayed it to Easter Sunday. Fortuitously, Sunday was the only day I was called in to deal with another matter, so I drove over, dealt with that, realised I hadn't needed to do as much as I thought, and proceeded downstairs to the microscope room…
I started by using one of the current week's slide, and unfortunately it looked just as bad as the previous weeks' samples. After sending dejected messages to my family, I realised it could be worth cleaning the objective, and lo and behold, the images looked brilliant! I stayed until 6pm, then got in before 9am on Easter Monday and made it through all but one of the slides stained for brain cells and disease protein before having a well-needed haircut. On Tuesday I imaged that final slide and the ones that shouldn't show anything, then spent the rest of the week analysing the images (1000 in total because of the separate colour channels!), practising surgeries with my supervisor, and putting together my talk, which I gave at the postgrad/postdoc seminar on Friday afternoon.
With all that was going on, I'm quite impressed that I managed to bake two cakes during that period: an orange drizzle at the end of March that actually ended up with some glaze on top, and another marzipan cake this Thursday for a pre-Ramadan food fest. Yesterday, I made the most of the pack of limes I bought for Thai curries last week by making my first lime drizzle cake, which looks a little unappetising due to the lime zest in the drizzle not soaking through the cake. Still, it smells lovely, and I'll report on the taste next week!
Saturday, 27 March 2021
2021 Week 12
I was in a tempestuous mood on Monday; I already felt uneasy over the lack of office space and having to contact security to be allowed into the building, and then came confirmation that I won't be able to start the bulk of my project work for at least another five weeks. Thankfully, my current work wasn't impeded by Friday's delays, and removing brains actually felt therapeutic.
On Tuesday I confused security by coming in for an hour in the morning to transfer my brains to their storage buffer, and then returning after the ARUK Conference sessions to image my brain slices that had a 25-hour wash. Thankfully, they had stained really well, although on Thursday I realised that the control slices also had some background colour on them, so I may need to tweak the settings and/or protocol.
Wednesday was my first full home-working day in a while because the weather put me off going in post-conference, and I realised that there wasn't anything that needed to be done before Thursday morning. I was up early on Thursday, and going from animal unit to lab and back again while in a lab meeting was only slightly chaotic. Going through the surgery procedure with my supervisor was really useful, and helped me to appreciate that what I'm doing and the conditions under which I'm doing it are challenging, so I should give myself some credit! I also took the next lot of brain slices home ready to take for processing on Friday morning.
Thankfully, this Friday went totally smoothly, the roads were very quiet when I dropped off the slices, and they were ready for collection before the final conference sessions began, which gave me much more flexibility for the rest of the day. I was less focused in the afternoon, but I was able to stay grounded and get through my to-do list. I'll have to brave the winds this afternoon and Sunday to finish this set of experiments, but I'm happy to have some structure heading into the next week.
Sunday, 21 March 2021
2021 Week 11
It's hard to remember this week prior to Friday, but I will do my best with help from my work diary and 5 Minutes Before Bed journal!
Monday began with a lab meeting, my notes from which I helpfully wrote on the Wednesday page. On Tuesday, I took brain samples to the other campus to be prepared for later experiments and got a blood blister on my walk home. On Wednesday, I drove to a subway station car park to finally send off my damaged phone and request a replacement, and got to the lab early to help inject some mice. Later that day, I collected the brain slices and filled up with petrol for the first time in six months, once I'd realised that the car needs to be unlocked in order to open the petrol catch. I had a relaxed morning on Thursday before presenting at the journal club and running my primary antibody incubations with ease, which is how I expected the experiment to continue the next day!
I was in early on Friday, managing to start my first wash at 08:41 and salvaged my coffee cup from my locker before the asbestos removal work started in the corridor. About 15 minutes later, the fire alarm started sounding, which we assumed was something to do with the asbestos works, but we followed procedure and left the building. Moments later, we learnt that there was a real fire, and so began several hours of waiting for the building to be made safe. During this time, there was nothing to do but sit around drinking coffee and eventually have a pizza lunch, where we successfully convinced the server that we are students to get the free drinks offer, despite not having our IDs with us! Shortly after the pizza, we were allowed to retrieve our possessions; I was accompanied by one of the firefighters, and was relieved to find everything as I'd left it. On Saturday, I was able to finish my experiment after the first half-hour wash was extended by nearly 25 hours, but access will still be restricted going into next week. I also had an enjoyable walk around the city, and interacted with one of my favourite bands, B*Witched, after listening to the first episode of their new podcast, Starting Over!
Monday, 15 March 2021
2021 Week 10
Last week was pretty successful, I'm still managing to navigate the uncertainty, and becoming hopeful that I'm now closer to the next time I'll see my family and partner in person than the last time. On Tuesday and Thursday, I was in the in vivo lab reminding myself of the surgical procedure, while Wednesday and Friday taught me that the Thioflavin S stain needs to be made up fresh on the day from the powder! At the weekend, I experienced my first power cut as an adult, and baked my go-to marzipan cake!
Saturday, 6 March 2021
2021 Weeks 8 and 9
I regretted not making last week's post cover two weeks, so now that week 9 is over, I'll make my past -and hopefully future- self happy by combining the past two weeks!
All the way back on Monday 22nd February, I collected slices for an immunohistochemistry experiment to work out the best dilution for staining the star-shaped support cells, and to test whether the stain worked alongside rabbit antibodies. I also repeated my stains for neurons, the cells of the brain which fire electrical signals, and disease-causing proteins, which confused me the previous week. I took images on Thursday and Saturday; this confirmed that the former antibodies were compatible, and I saw much more of the structure of the brain's immune cells than I'd seen previously! The confusing staining pattern for the disease-causing protein was still present, which at least meant I could rule out interference of other stains as the source of the werdness.
This week, I used my fancy non-cross-reactive mouse antibody alongside the rat antibody to see whether disease-causing protein is located near to the star-shaped cells. My first images suggested that's not really the case, although the confusing staining seemed to be a bit brighter in the star-shaped cells than it was in the neurons. For once I took the whole of Saturday off, but it was still very busy, with an online bellringing course sandwiched by nail painting, and the selection of 1–3 Eurovision songs depending on how much later I stay up!
Nail art to support Jüri Pootsmann, whose song Magus Melanhoolia came third in Estonia's national final for Eurovision 2021.Thursday, 25 February 2021
2021 Week 7
Sunday, 14 February 2021
2021 Week 6
Sunday, 7 February 2021
2021 Week 5
Tuesday, 2 February 2021
2021 Week 4
Sunday, 24 January 2021
2021 Week 3
Sunday, 17 January 2021
2021 Week 2
Friday, 8 January 2021
Just like that, it's 2021!
Friday, 4 September 2020
Week in Review: 31st Aug to 4th Sept
Sunday, 30 August 2020
Week in review: 24th to 30th Aug
Friday, 21 August 2020
Week in review: 17th to 21st Aug
As I continue doing my PhD in a "blended working" mode, I thought it might be useful to write (weekly?) blog posts to keep on top of what I've accomplished and define my main goals for the next week.
I haven't felt very productive this week despite going into the lab each day to run two antibody optimisation immunohistochemistry (IHC) experiments. My main struggle with the blended working model is that travelling to and from the lab now takes time out of the working day; even if I get in before 9am like in pre-pandemic times, most days I only have a couple of hours of work to do, so my walk home feels like dead time. I've been working later to make these 20-odd minutes up, a strategy my partner questioned when we video chatted this week, as arbitrarily working for a bit longer won't necessarily improve my productivity, especially if I'm wishing the time away so that I can get dinner or watch TV. I think instead I'll keep going if I'm really engaged in something, or take an hour or so after dinner one night to catch up.
I've also felt bad about taking time out to make more elaborate lunches, but I remind myself that I'm entitled to a lunch break, and eating a homemade soup or salad spurs me on for the rest of the day. Moreover, there was always "dead time" during my day, I just didn't see it as such when I was buying coffee or waiting outside my supervisor's office! Today I made a tasty spicy carrot soup before returning to the lab to image my IHC slides.
In terms of what I've actually accomplished this week, it's been mostly a deep dive into A-level mathematics which, as earlier blog posts show, I did not study. In April, I started a distance learning course called SysMIC, which provides mathematics and computing training to bioscientists. My experience with MATLAB software helped me through the first few topics, but the second session of Calculus has been a struggle, with the explanations of differentiation going way over my head. I ended up on Khan Academy, where video demonstrations and proofs have made it start to make sense. I worked through the course while my slides were washing, thankful that (mostly) good weather meant I could study outside and not occupy precious office space.
Goals for next week:
- Consistently get up at the time my alarm goes off!
- Organise notes on papers I've read recently
- Clarify experimental design for future IHC experiments
Friday, 14 August 2020
A-level playing field?
Today, six years on from the day I received my A-level results, another cohort was just awarded their grades. Unlike those of us who came before, this year's crop weren't able to sit exams to earn the results, but have to settle for widely-criticised moderated grades, which were lower than teachers' estimates in almost 40% of cases. I can't help wondering what might've happened to myself and other high achievers at my school had the distribution of our grades depended on the school's past performance and largely ignored our own individual trajectories to GCSE and AS.
I also wonder whether the bitter disappointment felt by so many this year would have been lessened if AS exams still counted towards the final A-level grade, because that would've allowed other forms of mitigation, such as students not dropping more than one or two grades below their AS result. I appreciate that there was not time to administer a replacement formal measure of progress over the 18 months of A-level education completed before schools closed, and not everybody would have achieved as highly as predicted, but surely there could have been a mechanism to submit work that the centre-assessed grades were based on for moderation instead?
Shifting the entire group based on performance of previous cohorts does not seem fair, particularly when many university places won't be held in time for appeals based on meaningful individual factors, such as mock grades. These results influence the course of lives, so it is unfathomable to me that pupils were marked down simply because a lower proportion of previous years' students achieved high grades.
Tuesday, 28 August 2018
My path to the PhD project I wanted
My search began on findaphd.com, where I regularly used the search feature to find new adverts for PhDs involving electrophysiology. I also set up email alerts for new PhD opportunities in Biological & Medical Sciences, so that I wouldn't miss any opportunities of interest that didn't explicitly mention electrophysiology.
Through these email alerts, I found a project investigating the role of an ion channel in Alzheimer's disease. I used the contact form on findaphd.com to message the supervisor, and we arranged to speak more about the project over the phone. This ended up being a mini-interview, in which I summarised my research experience and its relevance to the project, and was then able to ask my own questions. I discovered that there would be no electrophysiology in the project itself, which was disappointing, but at least it meant I hadn't wasted time applying for a project which wasn't right for me.
Several of my former labmates' PhDs were part of a Doctoral Training Partnership (DTP) with three other universities, which was funded by the Medical Research Council (MRC). This structure enabled the students to be part of collaborative research between two or more institutions, and have access to a broad range of specialist equipment, not to mention funding for additional training opportunities, which could involve going abroad! I found several interesting projects on this scheme being advertised for my year, and used findaphd.com to contact a potential supervisor, who was impressed with my qualifications and experience to date. When it came to the application, I added second and third choices in the hope of maximising my chances of success, but I eventually found out that I hadn't been shortlisted for an interview (on my birthday, of all days!).
Undeterred, I put in another couple of applications over the Christmas holidays, this time for projects funded internally within the respective universities, rather than by an external Research Council. The first project (Project #1) proposed to investigate a neurodevelopmental disorder using in vivo electrophysiology, and I was delighted to be chosen by the project supervisor as the preferred candidate! The second project (Project #2) also used in vivo electrophysiology, but this time to investigate the effects of a drug which was found to slow down neurodegeneration in a mouse model. Project #2 was also an industrial collaboration, which would provide an opportunity to work at a pharmaceutical company for a year. Five days after submitting my application for Project #2, I was invited for a Skype interview with the three project supervisors, with just 19 hours' notice! I was uncharacteristically calm the night before, then despite the interview starting half an hour late, I managed to stay calm and give well-thought-out responses, which led to me being selected as the candidate!
However, being selected by the supervisors was only half the story. For Project #1, I had to have a face-to-face panel interview in early February alongside five other candidates for different projects, and only the top candidate would receive the scholarship. The process for Project #2 was very different; once I'd been selected as the candidate, the lead supervisor and I modified my original application, and the new version was one of 24 applications from across the university sent to the Selection Committee, of which only 10 received funding. Unfortunately, I didn't manage to secure the funding for either of these opportunities, but the experiences did prove useful.
There was no time to be sad, however, as I had another interview the following week! Project #3 was similar to Project #2, but used in vitro electrophysiology rather than in vivo. The project was within an MRC DTP similar to the one I applied for originally, but this time I chose to apply only for one project. I left the interview thinking I could've done more, but I had actually done well enough to get on the DTP – the problem was, another student higher up the rankings had already accepted the project I wanted. I visited another lab offering a project loosely related to my interests, but while the lab members were very welcoming, I ultimately chose to continue searching for an opportunity better aligned with my interests.
In the time between my interview for Project #3 and my decision not to take the alternative project, two more projects had taken my interest. Project #4 proposed to use in vitro electrophysiology to investigate a gene which is a risk factor for Alzheimer's Disease, while Project #5 wasn't related to neurodegenerative diseases, but would still provide training in electrophysiology, as well as behavioural experiments. Both projects had funding secured, so the only hurdle was to be chosen by the supervisors. I was shortlisted for both projects and got on well at the interviews, but in mid-March I had an unexpected phone call from the lead supervisor of Project #2, notifying me of a new funding opportunity which had arisen for the same project.
The new funding for Project #2 was also part of an MRC DTP, but the selection process was more similar to the arrangement for Project #1, in that one candidate for each of the six projects would be interviewed, but this time the top two students received funding. Later in March I arranged to meet the lab members, and I was thoroughly impressed with their enthusiasm about their research and the contribution of Project #2 to their overall research aims. I was also fortunate to meet a senior researcher/manager from the industrial collaborator and find out how she progressed to that stage. By the end of the day, I was completely sold on the idea of joining their lab, and in the following weeks I did my best to prepare for the interview. Seven weeks later, I was back in the lab for a practice interview, and the following day I was the top-performing student in the panel interview, therefore I had finally secured a project I really wanted!
Now, 7 months after I was initially denied funding for it, I'm preparing to starting my ideal PhD! I'm so thankful that my supervisors kept me in mind and persevered to find another funding source, and I hope to keep you updated during my PhD journey.
Thursday, 19 July 2018
All four done!
In September it will be two years since I moved to Exeter to complete an Alzheimer's Research UK funded research placement, measuring the effects on the brain of drugs which affect epigenetics using a technique called electrophysiology. My placement year was more useful than I ever could have imagined, and really did affirm that I want to continue in biomedical research, specifically using electrophysiology to further our understanding of brain function and how communication between brain cells is altered in disease. In January 2017 I achieved a solid 72% for my literature review and project plan, and after that I really threw myself in to both lab and student life; on some occasions I would work until 9pm and then meet up with friends and stay out until the early hours!
My project was originally due to finish at the end of July, but I was a bit slow getting started on the non-electrophysiology aspect, which consisted of running samples on gels to determine whether the drugs affected the epigenetics (unfortunately, we didn't show that they did). I finally left in September, which meant the writing of my report coincided with the beginning of final year. After returning to Exeter to give some presentations and producing a poster on my project, I achieved 73% for the unit, my first at Master's level.
The final year of the course was very well planned and consisted of five units, with the first four delivered primarily via lectures from September to February, and the fifth comprising the MSci project, poster presentation, and an extra exam in May on top of those for Units 2 to 4. Unit 1 teaching built on the statistics lectures from second year, which was easier for me thanks to performing several one-way and two-way ANOVAs during my project. We were also introduced to whole-animal experimental design, which was wonderfully complemented by an optional in vivo skills course I undertook just before Christmas. After receiving results of the January statistics exam and the February figure interpretation exam, I calculated that I had achieved 84% in Unit 1, the best start I could've hoped for!
The Unit 2, 3 and 4 lectures were delivered sequentially from mid-October onwards, and each unit included a piece of coursework (essay or data interpretation) accounting for 10% of the marks as well as a 3-hour exam in May. I was pleased to achieve 78 in the Unit 2 and Unit 3 essays, and 85 in the Unit 4 data interpretation, but the fact that 90% of each unit would be decided in the exam hall was rather daunting. I then had my Unit 5 coursework to contend with, which involved writing a grant proposal with little guidance, but I powered through and just like in third year received 72, plus 83 for my grant proposal defence.
Irritatingly, our exam timetable for May was published a week late (plus the timings of my exams prevented me from going to the French Open), but the schedule was helpful as it gave us an extra week of revision time before exams began. Unit 3 was first up, which I found quite tricky, in particular the section 1 experimental design question. Two days later it was Unit 4 time, and annoyingly I remembered a crucial piece of information for one of the essays just after the exam. I then had five days of focused revision for the Unit 2 exam, and I was relieved to find essay questions based on both of my favourite topics. The following afternoon was the MSci exam, for which we had to answer one of four questions covering broad themes across the other units. I was delighted that a question on allosteric modulators came up, as I had researched them extensively for a PhD opportunity I was interested in.
Other than Unit 1 and the Unit 5 project, we had to wait until 28 June to find out our final year grades and the degree classification we would be graduating with. On that day I was travelling in Macedonia, so I had to get through a three-and-a-half hour train ride plus a taxi ride to our hotel in Skopje before I could find out. My final results were:
Unit 1: 84
Unit 2: 78
Unit 3: 67
Unit 4: 69
Unit 5: 75
… which means I got a First! And, I discovered at Graduation on Monday, achieved the highest mark on the MSci Pharmacology course, although we all got Firsts!
So this is where I am now, graduated and looking forward to the next chapter, which will hopefully be confirmed soon!
Tuesday, 23 August 2016
Year 2 of 4
The Neuro units made for a great start to the year; I was examined in them in January and got 82 in Neurophys and 85 in Neuropharm. By January I had also completed and scored highly in the BREES employability strand, and got 66.6% in the BREES January exam, which required me to write an abstract summarising the main points of a biomedical research paper.
I was less enamoured with my units for the remainder of the year, but I still scored rather well in them, achieving 70 in MCB, 73 in Integrative Phys and 79 in Systems Pharm. The bulk of the BREES workload had to be completed during the final term, including the enterprise group tasks (to which I contributed minimally) and an exam worth 50% of the unit, which assessed our statistical knowledge and abstract writing prowess (again). Somehow I was awarded over 90% in the statistics component and equalled my previous score for the abstract, which contributed to a decent score of 76 for the BREES unit overall. Once the exam board had ratified my marks, I was delighted to be awarded the Pfizer Prize for achieving the highest average mark across all units in the second year. I'm still thinking about what to spend the £75 prize money on…



